The Geometry of the Universe¶
Abstract¶
I have been studying the work of my former mathematics professor, Colin Rourke, since I discovered his work through his A new paradigm for the universe which was published in 2017.
In July 2021 a revised and updated verson was published was published under the title The Geometry of the Universe.
The book challenges much of standard cosmological theory, whilst providing a simple elegant model for the universe.
It matches observations without need for dark matter.
The book is timely, as it comes just at a time where our observational tools are allowing us to test Einstein’s General Relativity in some pretty extreme environments.
Measurements are so precise we can now test some possible modifications to general relativity.
Further, there are observations now available that allow us to explore other claims in the book:
* Sagittarius A* is far too small to drive a full galaxy.
It is not at the centre, but rather about half way between the Sun
and the true centre.
* Any rotating mass drags the space time around it.
With the magnitude of the effect proportional to the mass and the
angular velocity and inversely proportional to the distance from
the centre of the mass.
What has it got to do with python?
There is a lot of incredible work going on in universities across the world. Very complex data analysis, with python at the core of it.
In observational astrophysics new instruments are constantly coming on line and new observations become available.
The key papers are international collaborations typically involving fifty or more authors. There are a lot of parts to data pipelines.
The good news is that once a pipeline is established, it can be fed with new data as it becomes available.
With software at the heart of analyses it is often also possible to test a number of different ideas with only a small marginal amount of work for each idea.
With floods of new observations every year it is important that a wide enough range of models are considered.
Our understanding of the universe has been a history of climbing hills looking out over the plane and failing to see the giant mountain towering above us, if we would only turn round and look.
The Eyes¶
It has never been better for observational astronomers.
Hubble¶
James Webb¶
LIGO, VIRGO, Kagra and more¶
Radio telescopes¶
Gaia¶
CMB probes¶
Planetary exploration¶
The Big Bang¶
Hubble Constant that changes in time¶
de Sitter Space Simulation¶
What does the spectrum actually look like at various distances?
Spiral Galaxies¶
Dark matter as the error term in general relativity.
Binary Pulsars¶
Binary pulsars are tyically pairs of neutron stars
Gravitational Waves¶
Hulse-Taylor system.
Python¶
Matplotlib¶
Table¶
Blume¶
async¶
Mosaics and throwing Axes Around¶
Cod and git¶
Gaia¶
Astropy¶
Where is the Sun?¶
Where is Sagittarius A*, is it really at the centre of our galaxy?
Axiomatics¶
So the big bang theory fits the theory, but is it the only possible solution.
When first introduced to formal mathematics, I was struck with the thoroughness of the whole procedure.
A set of axioms for numbers was articulated.
It was then shown that any two systems that satisfied these axioms would be essentially the same in some deep way, a mapping from the elements in one system to those in the other, preserving all the structure along the way.
With this in hand and a proof that the numbers as we know and love them satisfy the set of axioms, things are on solid ground.